Three days of exercises and exchange on the theme of traditional learning and scientific knowledge for sustainable development
The spiritual heads and the indigenous traditional practitioners sang, danced and explained their traditional knowledge to Geneva's local and international population
During a manifestation under the direction of a Committee of Honor presided over by Mrs. Ruth Dreyfuss, the president of the Swiss Confederation, and comprised of other personalities such as Mrs. Mary Robinson, High Commissioner for Human Rights, and Mrs. Henrietta Rasmussen of the ILO, doCip celebrated its 20th Anniversary on the 8th, 9th and 10th of October at the Botanical Garden in Geneva. Present were the shamans and representatives of indigenous peoples from all over the world.
These days were inaugurated by Counselor Robert Cramer representing the state of Geneva and a Meitei priestess from the state of Manipur in India, Mra. Oinamongbi Dhoi, who was accompanied by the traditional musician, Mr. Mahesh Meitei Heikhujam.
An international conference, uniting indigenous and scientific experts made clear the actuality of common knowledge shared by indigenous peoples from diverse regions of the world.
Below we have reproduced the conclusions and the resolution which were produced at this conference. They will be presented to the Working Group on Traditional Knowledge at the next conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity in March 2000 in Sevilla (Spain).
International Conference on Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge on the Sustainable Use of Plants:
Conclusions
1. Traditional knowledge of plants and its use spring from community elders, who are the traditional holders of knowledge. The study of plants cannot be undertaken without consulting the elders. It is therefore of utmost importance to preserve traditional cultures through education in order to ensure continuity in the transfer of traditional knowledge from one generation to another, for the benefit of humankind.
2. Individual and collective relationships, family and kinship systems, social institutions, traditional justice, music, dances, ceremonies, ritual performances and practices, games sports, language, narratives, mythology, stories, names, land, sea and air resources are intrinsically connected to nature, which reveal human beings' relationship with plants and animals. Their relationship extends not only to their physical environment but also to the cosmic universe. Such relationship is expressed, among others, in traditional rituals using plants and animals as an offering to the cosmic universe to preserve nature and man.
3. Nature is an expression of being and the medium of communication between the Creator and the creature. In many indigenous societies, the specific name of a plant itself encompasses a whole belief and value system. In order to preserve traditional knowledge of plants, it is important to engage the international and scientific community to work together with indigenous peoples in cataloguing their plants.
4. On the use of scientific knowledge of the use of plants, indigenous and local communities know exactly how to discriminate between which methodology is useful and that which is destructive for them. This skill emanates from their capability to recognize natural life cycles. The civil society must therefore remain watchful that science and big business do not endanger these natural cycles.
5. Traditional knowledge is part of traditional culture, and plants represent a basic element of the ecosystem. When biodiversity is threatened or destroyed, then plants are clearly affected. Such destruction eventually destroys traditional knowledge and in the end, humankind itself.
6. Today, the international community recognizes the role and importance of traditional knowledge and traditional management practices in the achievement of sustainable development. Some international instruments, e.g. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, have set a framework to consider traditional management practices and the participation of indigenous, local and coastal communities in resource management.
7. It is important for indigenous organizations and other non-governmental organizations to make use of existing international instruments. New proposals are needed to preserve wildlife, plants and species and to protect holders of traditional knowledge.
Specific recommendations for action
1. Introduce the study of a number of plants every year in the school curriculum starting from primary up to secondary school.
2. Enhance exchange of information on the use of plants through the use of modern communication technology, e.g. creation of Web sites, use of the clearing-house mechanism within the Convention on Biological Diversity.
3. Support existing networks created by and/or for indigenous peoples that seek to prevent the loss of biodiversity.
4. Develop international instruments to protect holders of traditional knowledge and traditional resource use.
5. Support the creation of an international volunteer cooperation program that will assist in the scientific study of plants among indigenous communities.
6. Support the creation of a “cultural memory bank” by or in partnership with indigenous peoples.
7. Conduct educational seminars at the national level to identify useful traditional and scientific knowledge with or in partnership with indigenous peoples.
8. Lobby the international community to provide new financial resources to help preserve traditional knowledge and traditional management practices.
9.Identify new approaches and strategies to support the work of ongoing international processes, e.g. CBD, Ramsar Convention.
Resolution
Remembering that this year is the mid-point of the UN International Decade of the World's Indigenous People, and noting with appreciation that much has been done to further the cause on which the Decade was founded, but that much more remains to be done,
Referring to the Draft Declaration on Indigenous Peoples, a fundamental document for the protection, preservation and promotion of indigenous knowledge, which is still under discussion in the UN Commission of Human Rights,
Referring also to the ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, which contains important provisions relevant to indigenous knowledge and natural resource management, and noting with concern that it has been ratified only by a small number of governments,
Noting that the Convention on Biological Diversity and other international treaties and agreements concerning the sustainable management of natural resources increasingly recognize the importance of respecting the rights of indigenous peoples to the sustainable use of those resources and to the conservation and protection of their traditional ecological knowledge,
Noting with apprehension that the degradation of the environment has resulted not only in the loss of natural resources, but also in the erosion of traditional ecological knowledge and the loss of traditional management practices that helped maintain many of the most valuable ecosystems of the Earth,
Thanking doCip for the opportunity of bringing together indigenous experts on plant-related knowledge with scholars and academics of the Western disciplines, in order to find a common ground and mutual exchange of knowledge for the survival of indigenous knowledge and the enhancement of cooperation,
We, participants at the International Conference on Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge on the Sustainable Use of Plants, recommend unanimously that:
1. All necessary legal measures be urgently developed, promoted and instituted at global and national levels to ensure the survival and protection of indigenous knowledge systems and traditional management practices, as part of the inalienable heritage of humanity, and in particular to provide adequate legal protection to the rights of indigenous peoples in relation to their knowledge systems;
2. The inextricable link between the survival of traditional ecological knowledge and the rights of indigenous peoples to their lands and resources be recognized, and appropriate measures be taken to ensure full respect for those rights and security of land tenure and access to resources;
3. Appropriate programs and institutional facilities at global, national and local levels, in partnership with indigenous peoples and institutions, be developed and put in place to encourage and support the preservation and revitalization of indigenous institutions relevant to the conservation of traditional knowledge, including the founding of clearing-house mechanisms or cultural memory banks of indigenous knowledge;
4. Dissemination of indigenous knowledge in partnership with indigenous peoples in indigenous and mainstream fora and processes, including research, school and university education and curricula, seminars, conferences, mass media and other exchange platforms, and that the decisions to disseminate indigenous knowledge be taken up at program level;
5. The conclusions and recommendations of this Conference, as contained in the attached Summary of the Proceedings, be forwarded to all relevant international institutions and fora, for consideration and inclusion as appropriate in programs of action and relevant decisions.
The indigenous delegates who shared doCip’s 20th Anniversary with the population of Geneva at the Botanical Gardens were :
* Priestess Oinamongbi Dhoni Leiphrakpam and traditional musician Mahesh Heikhujam, pertaining to the Meitei people from Manipur/India who danced and played some parts of the Lai Haraoba or “ Gods' Celebration ”, a participating re-creation of the cosmos, the earth and humanity.
* The traditional practitioner from Tahiti, Vaihere Bordes, who alleviated mothers and children through her massages and explained to them the signification of her practice.
* The ethno-botanist, Benedict Topin of the Kadazanduzun people, who described the role of the purification of several plants used for the wedding ceremonies in his community in Borneo/Malaysia.
* The young spiritual leader and member of CONAP/Wanamey Center Joel Johuanchi from the Wachipaeri people of the Amazon Basin/ Cusco Peru/ The Manu Biosphere Reserve , who brought his testimony on the powers of Ayahuasca or Banisteriopsis caapi and the flower Jayapa or Floripondio.
* The President of the Programme for Development and Integration of the Pygmy Peoples of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kapupu Diwa Mutimanwa, who explained the use of the plant Mushubya as a remedy against infections, inflammations, bad spirits and others such as when a new king is enthroned.
* Ethnologist from Chukotka/Russia Galina Diachkova, who spoke about the importance for food, and the cosmology of her people, of several plants from the region of the Bering Strait, knowledge principally held by women.
* A traditional musician of the Yoeme or Yaqui people of Arizona, Felipe Molina, who is also Coordinator of a project on diabetes, who showed the medicinal, spiritual and practical use (I don't understand this phrase) Hu'upa or Proposis velutina as well as reed-canes Vaaka ou Arundo donax.
* Shaman Victor Kilinan and his fellow the community leader François Alphonse from the Kariñ'a people, who built two ritual seats in mahogany woods. They were accompanied by Frank Apollinaire, a young representative of the Federation of the Amerindian Organizations of French Guyana.
* Finally, the traditional healer Germaine Cousin from Valais/Switzerland presented the virtues of several medicinal plants of the Alps.